Category Archives: Thunderstorms

NYC Weather Update & BK Half Marathon – May 14, 2014

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We’ve been fortunate that a persistent high pressure off of Nova Scotia has been stalling the arrive of a storm system earlier forecast to bring showers during the midweek period.

Our luck is about to run out, however, as the low pressure center and associated frontal boundaries will finally make their approach over the NYC area.

Thursday – overnight, a warm front is projected to pass through our area, bringing along a chance of drizzle, and the possibility for dense fog tomorrow morning as lower levels of the atmosphere become saturated with the coming southerly flow. Once the warm front passes over us, we will see a noticeable increase in temperatures, with highs forecast to be in the mid-upper 70s and possibly low 80s in interior portions of the region. Although the probability is low, there could be a couple showers and stray thunderstorms as well.

Friday – as the cold front associated with the low pressure center below draws closer, chance of precipitation will increase steadily during the course of the day. To start off, lighter showery precipitation should move in during the morning and early afternoon hours. Thereafter, heavier precipitation, and possibly thunderstorms, will move in especially during the evening and overnight hours. Due to the ground being somewhat saturated from the last round of rain we got, there could be some flash flooding in the heaviest down pours. Temperatures will be a bit cooler than Thursday in the upper 60s to around 70.

L and H correspond to approximate locations of surface low and high pressure centers. Notice the strength (high amplitude) of the associated upper trough and ridge
L and H correspond to approximate locations of surface low and high pressure centers. Notice the strength (high amplitude) of the associated upper trough and ridge

Saturday (BK Half Marathon Race Day) – good news for you runners out there as it appears the weather will cooperate for race day. The pesky slow-moving frontal boundary responsible for the rain on Friday will finally clear the area early Saturday morning, just in time for the start of the race. There may be some light showers early, but once the front clears conditions should start to improve. I would estimate start time temperature to be in the low 60s, with a high temperature forecast to be in the low 70s.

Simulated radar image from the North American Model (NAM)
Simulated radar image from the North American Model (NAM) for Saturday at 8AM EDT

Sunday – a return to nice weather as the cold front has passed through and high pressure builds in temporarily. Partly cloudy with a high in the low 70s.

NYC Weather Update – May 11, 2014 – BK Half Marathon

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Hey folks, I got a special request to provide an weather analysis for the Brooklyn Half Marathon, which is scheduled for next Saturday, May 17th. A friend at the Road Runners informs me there are also pre-race activities going on at Brooklyn Bridge Park Pier 2 starting Wednesday.

Synopsis

First, in brief, I believe that Race Day itself should be dry, perhaps with a slight chance of showers but later in the day (as per the National Weather Service’s current forecast). Unfortunately, the mid-week pre-race activities won’t be quite as lucky as I’ll explain shortly. It is also worth noting that 6 days out, this forecast can still change, but I’ll be posting again Wednesday with a more up to date analysis.

Your Week

Moms are going to be thrilled that Mother’s Day today will be a spectacular day weather-wise. Subsequent to the passage of the cold front last night, today will feature clear conditions with warm temperatures in the upper 70s to low 80s and comfortable humidity.

Monday will be another nice day with summer like weather, temperatures right around 80 and increasing humidity due to the influence of the Bermuda High (which slowly shifts westward through the course of the spring into the summer, when it begins to dominate our weather with hot, humid air blasting from the southwest).

Tuesday a nearly stationary front will slowly push into our area, sparking the potential for some thunderstorms Monday night, and periods of showers during the day Tuesday (around 30% chance each of the following 3 days). Temperatures will be much cooler than Monday only in the low 70s.

Wednesday the stationary front above turns into a backdoor cold front (retrograde, progressing from east to west as opposed to the general pattern of west to east), continuing the potential for unsettled weather with periods of showers and a cooler day in the mid 60s.

Thursday brings another day of unsettled weather, with a series of weak impulses moving along a nearly stationary cold front just to our west. Temperatures will be slightly higher in the upper 60s.

Screen Shot 2014-05-11 at 10.02.08 AM

Friday is the last day we’re stuck in this pattern of unsettled weather. The reason behind this prolonged period of unpleasant weather is the strong ridge of high pressure you see off the coast of Nova Scotia in the following upper air forecast from the Global Forecast Model. This strong high pressure will set up a blocking pattern on the trough of low pressure depicted. As this trough finally passes through our area, the best chance for steady showers and thunderstorms this week will occur. Temperatures will range in the mid-upper 60s.

Screen Shot 2014-05-11 at 10.01.29 AM
Note the strong ridge that corresponds to an area of high pressure, and the trough that denotes low pressure to the west of the high

Saturday (Race Day) – at this stage, models seem to suggest that the cold front and low pressure system will have cleared New York just around start time on Saturday. Clouds should diminish during the day as the frontal boundary pulls away, however, can’t rule out a few spot showers lingering.

Screen Shot 2014-05-11 at 10.16.15 AM

NYC Nowcast – May 10 @ 2:40PM EST

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A batch of strong showers with some rumbles of thunder is approaching the NYC area. For the remainder of the afternoon and evening, strong to possibly marginally severe thunderstorms may pass through ahead of an advancing cold front. Damaging wind gusts and small hail are the primary threats.

Screen Shot 2014-05-10 at 2.37.04 PM

Otherwise, expect broken clouds to cloudy skies and nice warm afternoon in the upper 70s to low 80s across the area. A line of thunderstorms is likely to fire up again later this afternoon into the evening hours as the cold front actually approaches.

Screen Shot 2014-05-10 at 2.35.22 PM

Atmospheric instability is continuing to increase as we are in the warm sector ahead of the advancing cold front. Low level lapse rates and shear profiles are marginally conducive to the growth of some strong to severe thunderstorms.

NYC Weather Update – May 8, 2014

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We have a similar setup as last week that’s bringing overcast and rainy conditions to the region. A warm front well to our south is causing southeasterly/easterly winds off the cold Atlantic to stream in and saturate the atmosphere. Today, temperatures will be cooler with highs in the upper 50s.

Another mature cyclone with areas of precipitation and associated frontal boundaries
Another mature cyclone with areas of precipitation and associated frontal boundaries

Unsettled weather conditions will continue Friday with the approach and passage of the aforementioned warm front. Temperatures will be warmer in the upper 60s, with a chance for showers and thunderstorms throughout the day.

Saturday looks like a warmer copy of Friday, again with the chance for showers and thunderstorms during the day and with increasing chance for precipitation in the evening/night hours as the cold front depicted above makes its way through. High temperatures will be in the mid 70s despite the cloud cover.

Sunday should be the best day of the weekend (just in time for Mother’s Day), with the frontal boundaries having passed over, skies should clear and allow for temperatures to top out near 80 in the city.

Monday the period of good weather continues to start the next work week, with high temperatures again possibly hitting 80 and mostly sunny skies.

 

NYC Weekend Weather – May 2, 2014

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It’s been a wild weather week that started with a tornado outbreak across half a dozen states in the South, and torrential rain fall that dropped as much as 2 feet in Florida, and as much as 6-8″ across the Northeast (resulting in incredible scenes like this landslide in Baltimore).

Fortunately, the weather has taken a turn for the better and will remain that way much of the coming week. This weekend is shaping up to be a nice one with temperatures on Saturday and Sunday reaching into the upper 60s to the low 70s across the region. There is a chance on both days of popup showers or thunderstorms in the afternoon, especially in inland areas with better daytime heating.

GFS model output for this coming Wednesday. Note the strong trough out west (dip in the contour lines), and a ridge over our region (bulge towards the north of contour lines)
GFS model upper air (500mb absolute vorticity) output for this coming Wednesday. Note the strong trough out west (dip in the contour lines), and a ridge over our region (bulge towards the north of contour lines). Ridges correspond with high pressure and good weather while troughs denote low pressure and poor weather.

We’re finally turning the corner on warmer spring temperatures as the start to next week Monday-Wednesday will continue to feature high temperatures consistently in the low-mid 60s (about average). Dry and mostly sunny skies should also predominate as a ridge of high pressure (see above) builds in over our region.

 

NYC Weather Update – Apr 30, 2014

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Are you wondering why today is so cool with highs barely touching 50, but tomorrow is forecast to have high temperatures in the low 70s? It’s because there’s a warm front currently situated to our south. Let me clarify the two most common types of frontal boundaries:

  1. A warm front delineates a boundary where the airmass behind the front is significantly warmer than the airmass ahead of it.
  2. A cold front, not surprisingly, applies to the reverse situation and delineates a boundary where the airmass behind the front is significantly colder than the airmass ahead of it.

Currently, a warm front sits south of us, causing an onshore flow (easterly winds) off the frigid Atlantic Ocean. Why the easterly winds? Looking at the image below, you’ll see yellow contour lines that demarcate isobars of pressure. In the Northern Hemisphere, air flows counterclockwise around a low pressure center and clockwise around a high pressure center. The counterclockwise flow also applies to the frontal boundaries attached to a low pressure center.

In our present situation, the air flows towards the east (counterclockwise) south of the west-east oriented warm front (in red), and then from the east to west north of it. Hence, we are experience very cool conditions, and the moisture being funneled off the Atlantic Ocean into our region is fueling these steady showers.

Current surface analysis from the WPC with my overlay showing movement of the warm front to our south.
Current surface analysis from the WPC with my overlay showing movement of the warm front to our south.

We should actually see temperatures begin to rise overnight as the warm front pushes through the area. Once this occurs, we will be in what is referred to as the “warm sector”, which is an area that sits behind a warm front and ahead of an advancing cold front. This type of setup is favorable for the development of thunderstorms.

Therefore, Thursday will be a warm, cloudy day with high temperatures in the low 70s and a chance of showers and thunderstorms in the morning.

Friday, with the cold front having passed through, conditions will clear up and we’ll have a nice, sunny day, with temperatures near 70. There will be a chance for afternoon showers.

Saturday continues the trend of nice weather with another day in the upper 60s and mostly sunny skies. Again, there will be a chance for afternoon showers, especially inland where daytime heating can produce enough energy (and instability) to induce those showers.

One other note about today and tomorrow, and that’s the whopping headline numbers for how much rain is forecast to fall, with totals ranging from as high as 3″+ in the western portions of the Tristate to 1.5″+ in the east. This could easily cause flooding in poor drainage areas, small streams, and urban areas.Screen Shot 2014-04-30 at 1.50.54 PM

 

 

Deep South Severe Weather Outbreak – Apr 28, 2014

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A major severe weather outbreak is currently underway for portions of the Deep South from Louisiana up through Tennessee, extending east from the Mississippi to western Alabama. As you can see in this satellite image, there are numerous supercell thunderstorms with high cloud tops piercing into the tropopause, indicative of extremely strong updrafts. Low level helicity (a measure of the vorticity and spin imparted on the air) is also high, along with abundant moisture and convective available potential energy (CAPE) will continue to fuel dangerous storms capable of spawning multiple tornadoes, damaging wind gusts, and severe hail.

Major severe weather outbreak over the Deep South viewed from space
Major severe weather outbreak over the Deep South viewed from space

NYC Weekend Update & Severe Weather in the Plains

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The atmosphere over the area the past couple days has been both exceptionally dry and abnormally cool. This trend will end Friday with the approach of a cold front and low pressure system. Because the air mass currently in place is so dry, it will be difficult for the air to moisten at the outset Friday. Thus, forecasters are calling for a mostly dry day with increasing cloud cover, and rain showers moving in over the course of evening and overnight hours. High temperatures Friday will remain in the low 60s.

North American Model simulated radar image for Saturday @ 2PM EST
North American Model simulated radar image for Saturday @ 2PM EST

Saturday will remain a cloudy day with the chance for showers diminishing but still present. As the simulated radar image above suggests, there should be a break in precipitation between Friday evening and Saturday afternoon. However, it does appear that there is enough upper air support for afternoon showers and even some scattered thundershowers are possible Saturday afternoon. High temperatures will be warmer in the upper 60s. Skies should gradually clear once showers pass through, so the latter half of the day will still be sunny.

Sunday temperatures will cool off again with the passage of the cold front Saturday, however, sunny skies will return with high pressure building. Temperatures should be pleasant in the low 60s. Monday looks at this point to be a clone of Sunday.

 

Severe Weather in the Great Plains Sunday

It’s definitely severe weather season at this point in the Plains States and Tornado Alley. These areas have been repeatedly pummeled the past few days by severe hail storms. This weekend promises to be no different. As you can see below, a strong low pressure center is forecast to develop in the lee side of the Rockies Sunday with central pressure as low as 988mb.

Meanwhile, in the upper atmosphere, a vorticity maximum (see below) is forecast to form, with an area of strong divergence just to its east near the forecast center of the surface low. Upper level winds will be largely unidirectional. These are all ideal conditions for a severe weather outbreak. As a result, a wide swath of the Plains States from central Texas through Oklahoma, Kansas, and into Southeastern Nebraska have been placed under a Slight Risk area for severe weather by the Storm Prediction Center.

Note the strong low pressure center forecast to develop over the lee side of the Rockies - central pressure of 988mb
Note the strong low pressure center forecast to develop over the lee side of the Rockies – central pressure of 988mb
Upper air charts for Sunday afternoon. Note the strong vorticity maximum (area of dark red) over eastern Colorado.
Upper air charts for Sunday afternoon. Note the strong vorticity maximum (area of dark red) over eastern Colorado.

 

NYC Weather Update – Apr 21, 2014

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Brilliant start to the week this Monday with comfortable and seasonable high temperatures in the low-mid 60s.

HPC forecast

Tuesday – A cold front will rapidly approach the region from the west. Ahead of this cold front, warm, moist Gulf air will flow in, allowing for high temperatures to edge close to 70. Given the moisture content and warm temps, there is some potential for enough instability in the atmosphere to support the growth of thunderstorms later in the afternoon hours. Some of these storms could produce small hail. Thunderstorms, should they form, would be mostly limited to inland areas west of NYC as the marine layer near the coast tends to exert a stabilizing influence.

Wednesday and Thursday will be similar weather-wise with high temperatures suppressed in the upper 50s to low 60s due to the influence of strong winds from the north and northwest in the wake of the departing cold front. We should see clear and sunny skies both days. Excellent conditions for radiational cooling on both nights will allow lows to drop into the upper 30s and low 40s across the region.

The next chance for rain will be this Friday into the weekend with another cold front moving in from the middle of the country.