We have a stormy start to the forecast period with the Storm Prediction Center putting us under a slight risk for severe weather this afternoon. Behind this storm, windy conditions will prevail Friday with the pressure gradient tightening between an incoming high pressure and the departing low. This pressure gradient eases Saturday as high pressure moves more directly overhead. Decent weather continues Sunday before another storm rolls in Monday. Above normal temperatures for Thursday in the low-60s. Temperatures drop below normal in low-50s this weekend before picking up Monday into the upper-60s.
Rest of today – lighter stratiform rain in the morning hours with a warm front moving through. This will be followed up by a possible round of strong to severe thunderstorms in the afternoon hours (most likely around 1-2PM). The primary risk for severe weather comes from the potential for damaging wind gusts, with very fast winds aloft potentially mixing down to the surface. High temperatures in the low-60s. Overnight lows around 40ºF as gusty winds bring in strong cold air advection. See this detailed forecast for more info about today.
Storm Prediction Center convective outlook for Thursday, showing us in a slight risk area for severe weather later today.
Friday – despite a high in the low-50s, strong winds around a deepening low will make it feel significantly cooler. Clouds should gradually diminish during the day. Overnight lows cool, in the upper-30s.
Weather Prediction center surface forecast for 8AM Friday. A strong low pressure cetner is indicated tracking northeast out of Maine.
Saturday – winds ease as an area of high pressure moves more directly over us. High temperatures should range in the mid-50s with plenty of sun. Overnight lows will be in the mid-40s.
Sunday– clouds increasing with high temperatures in the upper-50s. Overnight lows will warm into the low-50s.
During my time taking classes as part of Penn State University’s Undergraduate Certificate in Weather Forecasting, we were taught that understanding the climatology of the location you are interested in is an important prerequisite for making accurate forecasts. This post continues on this theme, adding a climatology for February.
City Name / Station ID: New York, NY (LaGuardia Airport – KLGA)
Local Geography and Topography
Station Elevation: 10 feet above sea level.
Station Location: LaGuardia Airport (KLGA) is situated on the north shore of Queens along the East River, approximately 6 miles east-northeast of Midtown Manhattan.
KLGA’s location within the broader NYC area, as seen in a Google Maps terrain view
Important Topographical Features: New York City is located in the extreme southeastern corner of New York State, bordering suburban New Jersey and Connecticut. These suburban regions combined with those in Long Island comprise the Greater New York City Metropolitan Area, which is the most populous urban agglomeration in the United States and one of the populous urbanized areas in the world with an estimated population of 18 million. New York City itself sprawls across the coastal plain around the Hudson River estuary. The terminal moraine formed by glaciers of the last Ice Age result in a ridge of higher terrain that cuts a swath from southwest to northeast across the boroughs from northern Staten Island, northern Brooklyn, southwestern through central and northeastern Queens. Otherwise, the city itself is low lying. This ridge varies in height between 200-400 feet, rising sharply from south to north, but tapering more gently north. North and west of the city (about 30-50 miles away), lie significant elevations of the Catskills (north), Poconos (west), Taconics that are part of the broader Appalachian Mountain Range. The elevations of the lower foothills can range from 1000-1500 feet. Some of the elevations in the Poconos and Catskills, west and north of KLGA respectively, peak between 2000-3000 feet. The open expanse of the Atlantic Ocean lies south of KLGA and New York City. Long Island Sound also lies east-northeast. The vast urbanized area of the NYC metropolitan region has significant effects on local microclimates via differential heating (urban heat island effect). KLGA is in a low-lying area sensitive to UHI effects and marine influences.
On winter mornings, ocean temperatures which are warm relative to the land reinforce the effect of the city heat island and low temperatures are often 10-20 degrees lower in the inland suburbs than in the central city. The relatively warm water temperatures also delay the advent of winter snows. Conversely, the lag in warming of water temperatures keeps spring temperatures relatively cool. One year-round measure of the ocean influence is the small average daily variation in temperature.
National Weather Service – NYC Office
Wind Patterns
Below is a wind rose – you can read more about how to interpret this chart here.
Frequency (percentage) of the single most common wind direction: Due northwest (14.25%), same as with January.
Directions that are most and least common: Other most common wind directions include west-northwest (11.25%), due northeast (10.5%), and north-northeast (9.5%). Least common wind directions are east-southeast (0.5%), due east (1%), and south-southeast (1.25%).
Direction(s) most likely to produce the fastest winds: As is the case with other cold weather months, winds in excess of 21.4 knots (~25 mph) are most frequently found coming from due northwest. West-northwest, north-northwest, and due northeast winds can also produce winds over 21.4 knots though less frequently.
Direction(s) least likely to produce the fastest winds: As is the case with several other months, the least common wind directions of due east, east-southeast, and due southeast also rarely seen winds in excess of 16.4 knots.
Impacts of wind direction on local weather: February wind patterns are remarkably similar to January. Winds from the northwestern quadrant remain prominent. These directions also continue to produce the strongest winds. Interestingly, due northeast winds pick up in frequency in February compared to January.
Northwesterly winds bring cooler, drier Canadian air into the region following cold fronts. Winds from this direction also occur on the backside of departing coastal lows. Winds from these directions downslope coming off the higher terrain of the Catskills, and Poconos outside of the city. This can sometimes lead to warmer temperatures than would normally be expected for this wind direction as well as faster wind speeds. As with other months, northeasterly winds are usually related to backdoor cold fronts sweeping from the Canadian Maritimes, the onshore flow ahead of an advancing warm front, or a passing coastal storm to the south.
Maximum observed two-minute wind speed for the month: 39 knots (46 mph).
Temperature and Precipitation Averages/Records
Temperature units are in Fahrenheit and precipitation is in inches.
Worth noting: February average high and low temperatures start the a slow upward trend that will carry through to the spring and summer. Amazingly, record high temperatures in February can top 70°F, even nearing 80°F.
During my time taking classes as part of Penn State University’s Undergraduate Certificate in Weather Forecasting, we were taught that understanding the climatology of the location you are interested in is an important prerequisite for making accurate forecasts. This post continues on this theme, adding a climatology for January.
City Name / Station ID: New York, NY (LaGuardia Airport – KLGA)
Local Geography and Topography
Station Elevation: 10 feet above sea level.
Station Location: LaGuardia Airport (KLGA) is situated on the north shore of Queens along the East River, approximately 6 miles east-northeast of Midtown Manhattan.
KLGA’s location within the broader NYC area, as seen in a Google Maps terrain view
Important Topographical Features: New York City is located in the extreme southeastern corner of New York State, bordering suburban New Jersey and Connecticut. These suburban regions combined with those in Long Island comprise the Greater New York City Metropolitan Area, which is the most populous urban agglomeration in the United States and one of the populous urbanized areas in the world with an estimated population of 18 million. New York City itself sprawls across the coastal plain around the Hudson River estuary. The terminal moraine formed by glaciers of the last Ice Age result in a ridge of higher terrain that cuts a swath from southwest to northeast across the boroughs from northern Staten Island, northern Brooklyn, southwestern through central and northeastern Queens. Otherwise, the city itself is low lying. This ridge varies in height between 200-400 feet, rising sharply from south to north, but tapering more gently north. North and west of the city (about 30-50 miles away), lie significant elevations of the Catskills (north), Poconos (west), Taconics that are part of the broader Appalachian Mountain Range. The elevations of the lower foothills can range from 1000-1500 feet. Some of the elevations in the Poconos and Catskills, west and north of KLGA respectively, peak between 2000-3000 feet. The open expanse of the Atlantic Ocean lies south of KLGA and New York City. Long Island Sound also lies east-northeast. The vast urbanized area of the NYC metropolitan region has significant effects on local microclimates via differential heating (urban heat island effect). KLGA is in a low-lying area sensitive to UHI effects and marine influences.
On winter mornings, ocean temperatures which are warm relative to the land reinforce the effect of the city heat island and low temperatures are often 10-20 degrees lower in the inland suburbs than in the central city. The relatively warm water temperatures also delay the advent of winter snows. Conversely, the lag in warming of water temperatures keeps spring temperatures relatively cool. One year-round measure of the ocean influence is the small average daily variation in temperature.
National Weather Service – NYC Office
Wind Patterns
Below is a wind rose – you can read more about how to interpret this chart here.
Frequency (percentage) of the single most common wind direction: Due northwest (14.25%).
Directions that are most and least common: Other most common wind directions include west-northwest (13.5%), due west (11%), and due northeast (8.25%). Least common wind directions are east-southeast and due southeast (0.5%), and south-southeast (1.5%).
Direction(s) most likely to produce the fastest winds: As is the case with other cold weather months, winds in excess of 21.4 knots (~25 mph) are most frequently found coming from due northwest. Due west, west-northwest, north-northwest, and due northeast winds can also produce winds over 21.4 knots though less frequently.
Direction(s) least likely to produce the fastest winds: As is the case with several other months, the least common wind directions of due east, east-southeast, and due southeast also rarely seen winds in excess of 16.4 knots.
Impacts of wind direction on local weather: January’s winds build on a pattern first seen in November, where winds from the northwestern quadrant become prominent. January wind patterns are nearly identical to December, with winds from due west to northwest being very common. These wind directions also continue to produce the fastest winds most often.
Northwesterly winds bring cooler, drier Canadian air into the region following cold fronts. Winds from this direction also occur on the backside of departing coastal lows. Winds from these directions downslope coming off the higher terrain of the Catskills, and Poconos outside of the city. This can sometimes lead to warmer temperatures than would normally be expected for this wind direction as well as faster wind speeds. As with other months, northeasterly winds are usually related to backdoor cold fronts sweeping from the Canadian Maritimes, the onshore flow ahead of an advancing warm front, or a passing coastal storm to the south.
Maximum observed two-minute wind speed for the month: 39 knots (46 mph).
Temperature and Precipitation Averages/Records
Temperature units are in Fahrenheit and precipitation is in inches.
Worth noting: January average temperatures for both high and lows start to bottom out, and there’s only a small range in these figures.
Mild temperatures in the mid-50s are on the way along with long duration drenching rains to start the weekend. Rain tapers off Saturday evening and conditions improve Sunday with a return to more seasonable temperatures in the 40s. A chance of wintry mix or snow is possible late Monday.
Rest of today – mostly cloudy with chances for rain increasing by the afternoon. Steady rain expected overnight. High temperatures around 50°F. Temperatures actually rise overnight with southeasterly onshore flow aiding warm advection.
NAM 2-meter temperature and 10-meter winds at 11PM Friday
NAM precipitable water for 7AM Saturday
Saturday – rain continues through the day Saturday with high temperatures peaking in the mid-50s as a warm front passes and persistent onshore flow from the southeast, backing briefly to the northeast then veering south continuously advects warmer air off the ocean to the area. Overnight lows are a different picture dropping into low-40s as winds turn to the west behind a cold front.
Sunday – as the parent low bringing this rain moves north of the area and continues gathering strength, winds will pick up from the west. This will bring cooler air to the area resulting in highs in the mid-40s under partly sunny skies. Overnight lows continue a cooling trend to about the freezing mark.
Weather Prediction Center surface forecast for 7AM Sunday
Monday– another storm system will impact the area starting late in the day. Temperatures will be cold, topping out in the mid-30s. Precipitation starting late on Monday should begin as snow or a wintry mix given the currently forecast temperature profile. As is the case going into Saturday, a change in wind direction accompanying a warm front should help temperatures actually rise overnight into the upper-30s, allowing precipitation to transition to rain.
An arctic front swings through today, bringing a blast of cold air behind it going into the weekend. Temperatures will rebound dramatically going into the start of next week with an approaching storm system turning winds to the south. We’ll see high temperatures going from the upper-30s to the mid-50s by Monday.
Rest of today – mostly cloudy with a high temperature in the upper-40s. Chance of rain this evening with the passage of an arctic front. Overnight lows cooling into the low-30s with clearing skies.
Weather Prediction Center surface forecast for 7AM Saturday
Saturday – high pressure builds behind the arctic front bringing sunny skies but a much colder polar airmass with high temperatures struggling to hit 40ºF. Overnight lows drop into the mid-20s.
Sunday – high pressure center moves off to the east, allowing for warmer return flow from the south. This should allow temperatures to be a touch warmer than Saturday, in the low-40s. Overnight lows are expected to bottom out around 40ºF before actually rising due to an incoming storm system turning winds to the south.
GFS model output for 1PM Monday, a low-level jet at 850 mb with winds in excess of 40 knots is evident, along with pretty high values of relative humidity.
Monday– high temperatures continue to climb into the mid-50s with deep layer south-southwesterly winds. Increasing chances for rain as a cold front approaches from the west. Heavy rain is possible given a possible tropical moisture connection. Overnight lows barely moving into the low-50s.
During my time taking classes as part of Penn State University’s Undergraduate Certificate in Weather Forecasting, we were taught that understanding the climatology of the location you are interested in is an important prerequisite for making accurate forecasts. This post continues on this theme, adding a climatology for December.
City Name / Station ID: New York, NY (LaGuardia Airport – KLGA)
Local Geography and Topography
Station Elevation: 10 feet above sea level.
Station Location: LaGuardia Airport (KLGA) is situated on the north shore of Queens along the East River, approximately 6 miles east-northeast of Midtown Manhattan.
KLGA’s location within the broader NYC area, as seen in a Google Maps terrain view
Important Topographical Features: New York City is located in the extreme southeastern corner of New York State, bordering suburban New Jersey and Connecticut. These suburban regions combined with those in Long Island comprise the Greater New York City Metropolitan Area, which is the most populous urban agglomeration in the United States and one of the populous urbanized areas in the world with an estimated population of 18 million. New York City itself sprawls across the coastal plain around the Hudson River estuary. The terminal moraine formed by glaciers of the last Ice Age result in a ridge of higher terrain that cuts a swath from southwest to northeast across the boroughs from northern Staten Island, northern Brooklyn, southwestern through central and northeastern Queens. Otherwise, the city itself is low lying. This ridge varies in height between 200-400 feet, rising sharply from south to north, but tapering more gently north. North and west of the city (about 30-50 miles away), lie significant elevations of the Catskills (north), Poconos (west), Taconics that are part of the broader Appalachian Mountain Range. The elevations of the lower foothills can range from 1000-1500 feet. Some of the elevations in the Poconos and Catskills, west and north of KLGA respectively, peak between 2000-3000 feet. The open expanse of the Atlantic Ocean lies south of KLGA and New York City. Long Island Sound also lies east-northeast. The vast urbanized area of the NYC metropolitan region has significant effects on local microclimates via differential heating (urban heat island effect). KLGA is in a low-lying area sensitive to UHI effects and marine influences.
On winter mornings, ocean temperatures which are warm relative to the land reinforce the effect of the city heat island and low temperatures are often 10-20 degrees lower in the inland suburbs than in the central city. The relatively warm water temperatures also delay the advent of winter snows. Conversely, the lag in warming of water temperatures keeps spring temperatures relatively cool. One year-round measure of the ocean influence is the small average daily variation in temperature.
National Weather Service – NYC Office
Wind Patterns
Below is a wind rose – you can read more about how to interpret this chart here.
Frequency (percentage) of the single most common wind direction: West-northwest (13.75%).
Directions that are most and least common: Other most common wind directions include due northwest (13.5%), due west (11%), and due southwest (8%). Least common wind directions are east-southeast (1%), due southeast (1.25%), and south-southeast (1.5%).
Direction(s) most likely to produce the fastest winds: As is the case with November, winds in excess of 21.4 knots (~25 mph) are most frequently found coming from due northwest. West-northwest, north-northwest, due northeast winds can also produce winds over 21.4 knots though less frequently.
Direction(s) least likely to produce the fastest winds: As is the case with several other months, the least common wind directions of due east, east-southeast, and due southeast also rarely seen winds in excess of 16.4 knots.
Impacts of wind direction on local weather: December’s winds build on a pattern first seen in November, where winds from the northwestern quadrant become prominent. In December, winds from due west to northwest become markedly more common, while the frequency of winds from the southwesterly quadrant continues to decrease. In addition, the frequency of winds in excess of ~25 mph (21.4 knots) from the northwesterly quadrant also increases.
Northwesterly winds bring cooler, drier Canadian air into the region following cold fronts. Winds from this direction also occur on the backside of departing coastal lows. Winds from these directions downslope coming off the higher terrain of the Catskills, and Poconos outside of the city. This can sometimes lead to warmer temperatures than would normally be expected for this wind direction as well as faster wind speeds. As with other months, northeasterly winds are usually related to backdoor cold fronts sweeping from the Canadian Maritimes, the onshore flow ahead of an advancing warm front, or a passing coastal storm to the south.
Maximum observed two-minute wind speed for the month: 38 knots (44 mph).
Temperature and Precipitation Averages/Records
Temperature units are in Fahrenheit and precipitation is in inches.
Worth noting: December average high temperatures drop into the 40s. It’s the first month of the winter where record lows have historically dipped below 0°F at times.
Thanksgiving week starts off with warmer than average temperatures largely in the mid-50s ahead of an approaching storm that should impact the area Wednesday. Behind this storm, temperatures are forecast to drop back into the 40s. Thanksgiving Day will be dry, however, the low responsible for the mid-week storm will deepen as it exits the region, resulting in winds possibly strong enough to ground the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade balloons.
Rest of today – partly sunny with high temperatures in the low-50s. Overnight lows heading down into the low-40s with mostly clear skies overnight.
GFS model 500 mb height anomalies, showing positive anomalies over much of the Northeast on Tuesday
Tuesday – southwesterly flow ahead of an approaching cold front/storm system should allow temperatures to warm into the mid-50s. Overnight lows in the mid-40s.
Wednesday – cloudy with high temperatures in the mid-50s. Chance of showers during the day and into the early overnight hours. Decreasing clouds overnight, with lows in the mid-40s and increasing winds.
GFS model output for 1000-500 mb heights, surface pressure, and precipitation
Thursday – mostly sunny with high temperatures around 50°F, winds should be quite breezy with a tight pressure gradient forming around the deepening and exiting low pressure center. Overnight lows in the mid-30s.
Spells of rain will bookend what should otherwise be a pleasant week of mostly dry weather. Temperatures will trend slightly below normal for this time of year, however, we will avoid any dramatic swings in temperature. Record cold will not be on the table either. All in all, it should shape up to be a fairly typical mid-November week.
Rest of today – windy, mostly cloudy, with chances for scattered rain showers as a slow moving coastal low continues spinning off of the coast of New England. High temperatures should only hit the mid-40s with the cooling influence of clouds and persistently northeasterly flow. Chances for rain continue overnight with lows dropping into the upper-30s.
Weather Prediction Center surface forecast for 7PM Monday
Tuesday – rain chances should finally end as the coastal low affecting us finally pulls away to the northeast. Clouds should break up leading to a decent day with high temperatures in the low-50s. Overnight lows should be around 40°F.
Wednesday – partly sunny with highs around 50°F. Overnight lows in the mid-30s.
GFS 500 mb height, relative vorticity for 1PM Friday. We can see a distinct shortwave trough approaching from the west. Enhanced vorticity around the base of this trough should help touch of some precipitation at the surface as a cold front sweeps through.
Thursday – best day of the week with high pressure briefly building in. High temperatures again around 50°F, with overnight lows in the mid-40s.
Record setting cold is on the way mid-week. Overnight lows in the mid-20s and daytime highs hovering around freezing Wednesday will make this week feel more like January than mid-November. Luckily, this bitter cold snap will be short-lived, with temperatures rebounding back into the 50s by the end of the week.
Rest of today – temperatures will be falling through the 40s during the day. Precipitation should end as an Arctic front pushes through. Temperatures will continue dropping into the 30s throughout the evening and bottoming out in the mid-20s. Precipitation should end before it gets cold enough to produce snow. Winds will become stiff with the parent low strengthening and a tight pressure gradient forming between that and an incoming high pressure center.
Weather Prediction Center surface forecast for 7AM Wednesday
Wednesday – sunny with record low high temperatures in the low-30s as a frigid Arctic air mass takes hold. Overnight lows continue to be cold, in the upper-20s.
Thursday – temperatures start to rebound into the upper-40s as a warm front approaches and we enter the warm sector of the next storm. Return flow around the western edge of the high pressure exiting east will also assist in helping move some warmer air in. Overnight lows in the mid-30s.
GFS model 500 mb temperature, height and wind at 1AM Wednesday, note the closed 500 mb low and the strong troughing over much of the Northeastern US
By 7PM Friday, the 500 mb trough is forecast to have flattened out considerably, allowing for temperatures at this level and at the surface to rebound
Friday – the warm-up continues, with temperatures reaching back into seasonable levels in the low-50s. A moisture starved cold front passes through late bringing overnight lows back down to the low-30s
During my time taking classes as part of Penn State University’s Undergraduate Certificate in Weather Forecasting, we were taught that understanding the climatology of the location you are interested in is an important prerequisite for making accurate forecasts. This post continues on this theme, adding a climatology for November.
City Name / Station ID: New York, NY (LaGuardia Airport – KLGA)
Local Geography and Topography
Station Elevation: 10 feet above sea level.
Station Location: LaGuardia Airport (KLGA) is situated on the north shore of Queens along the East River, approximately 6 miles east-northeast of Midtown Manhattan.
KLGA’s location within the broader NYC area, as seen in a Google Maps terrain view
Important Topographical Features: New York City is located in the extreme southeastern corner of New York State, bordering suburban New Jersey and Connecticut. These suburban regions combined with those in Long Island comprise the Greater New York City Metropolitan Area, which is the most populous urban agglomeration in the United States and one of the populous urbanized areas in the world with an estimated population of 18 million. New York City itself sprawls across the coastal plain around the Hudson River estuary. The terminal moraine formed by glaciers of the last Ice Age result in a ridge of higher terrain that cuts a swath from southwest to northeast across the boroughs from northern Staten Island, northern Brooklyn, southwestern through central and northeastern Queens. Otherwise, the city itself is low lying. This ridge varies in height between 200-400 feet, rising sharply from south to north, but tapering more gently north. North and west of the city (about 30-50 miles away), lie significant elevations of the Catskills (north), Poconos (west), Taconics that are part of the broader Appalachian Mountain Range. The elevations of the lower foothills can range from 1000-1500 feet. Some of the elevations in the Poconos and Catskills, west and north of KLGA respectively, peak between 2000-3000 feet. The open expanse of the Atlantic Ocean lies south of KLGA and New York City. Long Island Sound also lies east-northeast. The vast urbanized area of the NYC metropolitan region has significant effects on local microclimates via differential heating (urban heat island effect). KLGA is in a low-lying area sensitive to UHI effects and marine influences.
On winter mornings, ocean temperatures which are warm relative to the land reinforce the effect of the city heat island and low temperatures are often 10-20 degrees lower in the inland suburbs than in the central city. The relatively warm water temperatures also delay the advent of winter snows. Conversely, the lag in warming of water temperatures keeps spring temperatures relatively cool. One year-round measure of the ocean influence is the small average daily variation in temperature.
National Weather Service – NYC Office
Wind Patterns
Below is a wind rose – you can read more about how to interpret this chart here.
Frequency (percentage) of the single most common wind direction: Due northwest (12%).
Directions that are most and least common: Other most common wind directions include west-northwest (10%), due west (8.5%), and due southwest (8.25%). Least common wind directions are east-southeast (1.5%), due southeast (1.75%), and south-southeast (2.75%).
Direction(s) most likely to produce the fastest winds: Winds in excess of 21.4 knots (~25 mph) are most frequently found coming from due northwest. West-northwest, north-northwest, due northeast, east-northeast, and due south directions can also see less frequent winds over 21.4 knots.
Direction(s) least likely to produce the fastest winds: As is the case with several other months, the least common wind directions of due east, east-southeast, and due southeast also rarely seen winds in excess of 16.4 knots.
Impacts of wind direction on local weather: November wind patterns are a marked shift from the prior two months. Winds coming from the northwestern quadrant become prominent. Meanwhile, winds from the south and southwest decline in frequency.
In general, northwesterly winds bring cooler, drier Canadian air into the region following cold fronts. Northwesterly winds will tend to warm slightly because of compressional warming as they downslope coming off the higher terrain of the Catskills, and Poconos outside of the city. This can sometimes lead to warmer temperatures than would normally be expected for this wind direction. Northeasterly winds, on the other hand, are often related to backdoor cold fronts sweeping from the Canadian Maritimes, the onshore flow ahead of an advancing warm front, or a passing coastal storm to the south.
The pattern of winds in November suggests the prevalence of classic frontal systems moving through, where warmer southwesterly winds precede the passage of a cold front, behind which strong, gusty westerly and northwesterly winds pick up. Northeasterly winds are, as pointed out above, a sign of passing coastal storms.
Maximum observed two-minute wind speed for the month: 41 knots (47 mph).
Temperature and Precipitation Averages/Records
Temperature units are in Fahrenheit and precipitation is in inches.
Worth noting: Average high temperatures in November start falling into the 50s, while lows fall into the upper-30s. November is the first fall month in which no record high temperature exceed the 90°F.
